Chinese morphology is the study of words and make the word. Its objective is to understand the meaning of the relationships between words and forms that are expressed, including how grammatical relations are marked in different languages. For example, plurality is explicitly marked by an s - Spanish, for example, books as a plural noun, and the book as a singular noun. In addition, relations between words may require some morphological in different parts of the sentence changes. For example, the form of the verb varies depending on the person and number of the subject phrase in an English sentence as this book is very interesting from these books are very interesting in that the subjects and verbs have a relationship agreement, i.e., a third-person singular, subjective substantive corresponds to the copular verb is and a third-person plural subjective different noun to a copular verb.
Cross-linguistically, the minimal unit of meaning is commonly called a morpheme, and is divided into two major types, free and dependent. Dependent morphemes mainly relate to affixes like the English plural marker - s that only makes sense when it is attributed to a nominal stem. Alternatively, a noun as a book is called a free morpheme because it makes sense on its own and refers to something in the real world or is called a stem of an affix which shall be attached to the.
Affixes are prefixes such as the English UN - unhappy and suffixes such as the ingleses-capaz of laughable. Suffixes can be derivational or inflected. In general, affixes inflectional refer to elements as the - s in plural marker in English and fewer in derivational suffixes number as the old function to create forms of words with additional grammatical meaning as a plurality. Include other inflectional morphemes in English - ed indicating tense, - ing progressive, possessive, s-er comparative, superlative etc.,-est. Morphemes derivational as - English tend to be more numerous than inflectional affixes in a language they operate in a stem or a root, like laughing resulting in a new Word ridiculous. Other English derivational affixes include re - reproduction-, lie in the establishment- and luck, etc.. Finally, not all linked morphemes are affixes, also there are linked roots as - sist in English that constitute the root or stem, to derivational processes to generate words like resist, they consist in, remain while is does not occur by themselves makes sense in a language, as in the forced morphologically affixes. Although there are free morphemes that make up the majority of the stems, they still provide a form base to new words in a way other affixes derivational in a language.
Compared to English, the limit of a Chinese word is far from being transparent, as many bookmarks morphological affixes are often non-existent, because the Chinese language does not mark tense, or parts of the sentence, morphologically. The fluidity of the concept "word" in Chinese has even led some to claim (Hoosain 1992, Zhang 1992) morphemes are more versatile in Chinese than other languages and more indeterminate with respect to their status as bound-free. The notion of "word", known as c? in Chinese, is a concept particularly intuitive or easily defined. In addition, Chinese orthography does not require any space between characters, regardless of its morphological State, i.e. not distinguishes written between free and dependent morphemes which conceals its existence in the mind of the speaker. On the other hand, wenz? "characters" that are used to represent each syllable of a morpheme with a character regardless of morphological status appear to be a more natural concept. Perhaps for this reason, almost all Chinese dictionaries list vocabularies through characters instead of words. Dictionaries are most commonly referred to as z?dian, literally "norms of nature."
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